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The Emergency ((アイルランド語:Ré na Práinne / An Éigeandáil)) was the state of emergency which existed in the state of Ireland during the Second World War. The state remained neutral throughout the war.〔 "The Emergency" has been used metonymically in historical and cultural commentary to refer to the state during the war.〔 The state of emergency was proclaimed by Dáil Éireann on 2 September 1939,〔 〕 allowing the passage of the Emergency Powers Act 1939 by the Oireachtas the following day.〔 〕 This gave sweeping new powers to the government for the duration of the Emergency, including internment, censorship of the press and correspondence, and government control of the economy. The Emergency Powers Act lapsed on 2 September 1946.〔 〕〔 〕 Although the state of emergency itself was not rescinded until 1 September 1976,〔 〕 no emergency legislation was ever in force after 1946 to exploit this anomaly. ==Background== On 6 December 1922, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty that ended the War of Independence, the island of Ireland became an autonomous dominion, known as the Irish Free State. On 8 December 1922, the parliament of the six north-eastern counties, already known as Northern Ireland, voted to opt out of the Irish Free State and rejoin the United Kingdom. This Treaty settlement was immediately followed by the bitter Irish Civil War between the pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty factions of the Irish Republican Army. After 1932, the governing party of the new state was the republican ''Fianna Fáil'', led by Éamon de Valera (a veteran of both Irish wars and Easter Rising). In 1937, de Valera introduced a new constitution, which had distanced the state further from the United Kingdom, and which changed its name to "Ireland". In 1932–38 he had also conducted the Anglo-Irish Trade War. De Valera had good relations with the British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain. He resolved the two countries' economic differences, and negotiated the return of the Treaty Ports—Berehaven, Cobh and Lough Swilly—which had remained under British jurisdiction under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. The major remaining disagreement between the countries was the status of Northern Ireland. The Irish saw it as rightfully Irish territory while the UK saw it as rightfully British territory. Within Ireland itself, armed opposition to the treaty settlement took the name of the anti-treaty IRA, seeing itself as the "true" government of Ireland. This IRA mounted armed attacks both in Great Britain (most notably the S-Plan in 1939) and Ireland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Emergency (Ireland)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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